Learning the whole range of Spanish verb forms can be daunting for beginners.
But in much of the everyday Spanish that people generally read,
a relatively small number of distinct verb forms account for a relatively
large percentage of the verbs used.
The table below contains the most frequent Spanish verb forms from a sample
of 2,000 newspaper and magazine articles (totalling around half a million words). If you
start learning these forms from the top of the list, then you are likely to be
able to start reading and understanding written Spanish more quickly,
which in turn will help you to acquire new vocabulary.
Form | Corresponding Infinitive | Form type | Common translation | Frequency |
ha | haber | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) has ... Note: | 48.0 % of sources |
es | ser | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) is | 46.8 % of sources |
han | haber | Present 3 Plur | (they) have ... Note: | 29.0 % of sources |
fue | ser | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) was/went Note: | 26.5 % of sources |
está | estar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) is | 20.9 % of sources |
son | ser | Present 3 Plur | (they) are | 19.1 % of sources |
tiene | tener | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) has ... Note: | 19.0 % of sources |
ser | ser | Infinitive | (to) be | 18.9 % of sources |
dijo | decir | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) said | 17.5 % of sources |
sido | ser | Past participle | been | 17.4 % of sources |
estado | estar | Present participle | being Note: | 15.7 % of sources |
hace | hacer | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) does/makes Note: | 14.5 % of sources |
hay | haber | Present Existential | there is/are | 14.1 % of sources |
había | haber | Imperfect 3 Sing;Existential | there was/were; (he/she/it) had... Note: | 12.5 % of sources |
están | estar | Present 3 Plur | (they) are | 12.1 % of sources |
fueron | ser | Preterite 3 Plur | (they) were/went Note: | 11.1 % of sources |
puede | poder | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) can/may | 10.9 % of sources |
hacer | hacer | Infinitive | (to) do/make | 10.4 % of sources |
hecho | hacer | Past participle | done/made Note: | 10.4 % of sources |
será | ser | Future 3 Sing | (he/she/it) will be | 10.1 % of sources |
haber | haber | Infinitive | (to) have ... Note: | 8.2 % of sources |
tienen | tener | Present 3 Plur | (they) have Note: | 7.9 % of sources |
tener | tener | Infinitive | (to) have Note: | 7.8 % of sources |
estar | estar | Infinitive | (to) be | 7.1 % of sources |
hizo | hacer | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) did/made | 6.9 % of sources |
estaba | estar | Imperfect 3 Sing | (he/she/it) was | 6.6 % of sources |
poder | poder | Infinitive | (to) be able, can Note: | 6.6 % of sources |
podría | poder | Conditional 3 Sing | (he/she/it) could/would be able to | 6.1 % of sources |
haya | haber | Subjunctive 3 Sing;Existential | there will/should/might be; (he/she/it) will have etc | 6.1 % of sources |
puesto | poner | Past participle | (put) Note: | 5.9 % of sources |
va | ir | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) goes/is going to ... Note: | 5.8 % of sources |
dar | dar | Infinitive | (to) give | 5.8 % of sources |
fuera | ser | Past subjunctive 3 Sing | (he/she/it) was/would have been Note: | 5.8 % of sources |
dicho | decir | Past participle | said | 5.6 % of sources |
ver | ver | Infinitive | (to) see | 5.6 % of sources |
indicó | indicar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) indicated | 5.6 % of sources |
trata | tratar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) treats/attempts/deals with Note: | 5.5 % of sources |
dado | dar | Past participle | given | 5.4 % of sources |
dio | dar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) gave | 5.3 % of sources |
tenía | tener | Imperfect 3 Sing | (he/she/it) had Note: | 5.2 % of sources |
tenemos | tener | Present 1 Plur | we have Note: | 5.0 % of sources |
encuentra | encontrar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) finds/encounters | 4.9 % of sources |
resultado | resultar | Past participle | resulted Note: | 4.8 % of sources |
hemos | haber | Present 1 Plur | we have ... Note: | 4.8 % of sources |
sea | ser | Subjunctive 1 Sing | (he/she/it) will/might be | 4.7 % of sources |
pueden | poder | Present 3 Plur | (they) can/may | 4.7 % of sources |
falta | faltar | Present 3 Sing | ... is missing/needed | 4.7 % of sources |
espera | esperar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) hopes (to) Note: | 4.7 % of sources |
llegó | llegar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) arrived/reached | 4.7 % of sources |
partir | partir | Infinitive | (to) leave; (to) share out | 4.6 % of sources |
estamos | estar | Present 1 Plur | we are | 4.6 % of sources |
conocer | conocer | Infinitive | (to) know | 4.6 % of sources |
evitar | evitar | Infinitive | (to) avoid | 4.5 % of sources |
llegar | llegar | Infinitive | (to) arrive/reach | 4.5 % of sources |
dejó | dejar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) left/let | 4.4 % of sources |
serán | ser | Future 3 Plur | (they) will be | 4.4 % of sources |
tenido | tener | Past participle | had/held | 4.3 % of sources |
seguir | seguir | Infinitive | (to) follow; (to) carry on ...ing | 4.3 % of sources |
habían | haber | Imperfect 3 Plur | (they) had ...; there were ... Note: | 4.3 % of sources |
ganar | ganar | Infinitive | (to) win/earn/gain | 4.2 % of sources |
da | dar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) gives | 4.1 % of sources |
pesar | pesar | Infinitive | (to) weigh (up), carry weight | 4.1 % of sources |
dice | decir | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) says | 4.1 % of sources |
causa | causar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) causes | 4.0 % of sources |
parece | parecer | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) appears | 4.0 % of sources |
comentó | comentar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) commented | 4.0 % of sources |
agregó | agregar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she) added Note: | 4.0 % of sources |
añadió | añadir | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she) added Note: | 4.0 % of sources |
considera | considerar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) considers | 3.9 % of sources |
anunció | anunciar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) announced Note: | 3.9 % of sources |
tendrá | tener | Future 3 Sing | (he/she/it) will have Note: | 3.8 % of sources |
estaban | estar | Imperfect 3 Plur | (they) were | 3.8 % of sources |
deben | deber | Present 3 Plur | (they) must/should Note: | 3.8 % of sources |
sería | ser | Conditional 3 Sing | (he/she/it) would be | 3.7 % of sources |
realizar | realizar | Infinitive | (to) fulfil/carry out | 3.5 % of sources |
destacó | destacar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) highlighted/emphasised | 3.4 % of sources |
recordó | recordar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) reminded | 3.4 % of sources |
pasar | pasar | Infinitive | (to) happen; (to) pass, go by/along etc | 3.4 % of sources |
siendo | ser | Present participle | being | 3.4 % of sources |
decir | decir | Infinitive | (to) say | 3.3 % of sources |
estuvo | estar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) was | 3.3 % of sources |
pueda | poder | Subjunctive 3 Sing | (he/she/it) might/could | 3.3 % of sources |
pudo | poder | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) was able to | 3.3 % of sources |
sigue | seguir | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) follows; (he/she/it) goes on ...ing Note: | 3.3 % of sources |
comenzó | comenzar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) began (to) | 3.3 % of sources |
declaró | declarar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) declared | 3.3 % of sources |
previsto | prever | Past participle | forseen, predicted, anticipated | 3.3 % of sources |
eran | ser | Imperfect 3 Plur | (they) were | 3.2 % of sources |
anunciado | anunciar | Past participle | announced | 3.0 % of sources |
detenido | detener | Past participle | detained, arrested Note: | 3.0 % of sources |
tomar | tomar | Infinitive | (to) take; (to) drink | 3.0 % of sources |
salir | salir | Infinitive | (to) bring/come out | 3.0 % of sources |
puso | poner | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) put | 3.0 % of sources |
quedó | quedar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) remained | 2.9 % of sources |
existe | existir | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) exists; there exists ... | 2.9 % of sources |
quiere | querer | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) wants | 2.8 % of sources |
asegura | asegurar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) assures, ensures | 2.8 % of sources |
recibido | recibir | Infinitive | received | 2.8 % of sources |
trabajar | trabajar | Infinitive | (to) work | 2.8 % of sources |
unido | unir | Past participle | united Note: | 2.7 % of sources |
podido | poder | Past participle | been able (to) | 2.7 % of sources |
creo | creer | Present 1 Sing | i believe/think | 2.7 % of sources |
consideró | considerar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) considered | 2.7 % of sources |
habrá | haber | Future Existential | there will be ... Note: | 2.7 % of sources |
hacen | hacer | Present 3 Plur | (they) do/make | 2.7 % of sources |
pidió | pedir | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) asked/requested | 2.7 % of sources |
decidió | decidir | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) decided | 2.7 % of sources |
siguen | seguir | Present 3 Plur | (they) follow; (they) go on ...ing | 2.6 % of sources |
podía | poder | Imperfect 3 Sing | (he/she/it) could, was able to, used to be able to | 2.6 % of sources |
jugar | jugar | Infinitive | (to) play | 2.5 % of sources |
cree | creer | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) believes/thinks | 2.5 % of sources |
conseguir | conseguir | Infinitive | (to) obtain | 2.5 % of sources |
lleva | llevar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) carries/bears | 2.5 % of sources |
ganó | ganar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) earned/won/gained | 2.5 % of sources |
llegado | llegar | Infinitive | arrived | 2.5 % of sources |
manifestó | manifestar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) demonstrated Note: | 2.5 % of sources |
mostró | mostrar | Preterite 3 Sing | (he/she/it) showed | 2.5 % of sources |
podrían | poder | Conditional 3 Plur | (they) could/might/would be able to | 2.5 % of sources |
presentado | presentar | Past participle | presented | 2.5 % of sources |
explica | explicar | Present 3 Sing | (he/she/it) explains | 2.5 % of sources |
lograr | lograr | Infinitive | (to) succeed/manage | 2.5 % of sources |
podrá | poder | Future 3 Sing | (he/she/it) will be able (to) | 2.4 % of sources |
podemos | poder | Present 1 Sing | we can | 2.4 % of sources |